This documentation was written to describe the 1.7.x series of Apache™ Subversion®. If you are running a different version of Subversion, you are strongly encouraged to visit http://www.svnbook.com/ and instead consult the version of this documentation appropriate for your version of Subversion.

The Subversion Repository, Defined

Before jumping into the broader topic of repository administration, let's further define what a repository is. How does it look? How does it feel? Does it take its tea hot or iced, sweetened, and with lemon? As an administrator, you'll be expected to understand the composition of a repository both from a literal, OS-level perspective—how a repository looks and acts with respect to non-Subversion tools—and from a logical perspective—dealing with how data is represented inside the repository.

Seen through the eyes of a typical file browser application (such as Windows Explorer) or command-line based filesystem navigation tools, the Subversion repository is just another directory full of stuff. There are some subdirectories with human-readable configuration files in them, some subdirectories with some not-so-human-readable data files, and so on. As in other areas of the Subversion design, modularity is given high regard, and hierarchical organization is preferred to cluttered chaos. So a shallow glance into a typical repository from a nuts-and-bolts perspective is sufficient to reveal the basic components of the repository:

$ ls repos
conf/  db/  format  hooks/  locks/  README.txt

Here's a quick fly-by overview of what exactly you're seeing in this directory listing. (Don't get bogged down in the terminology—detailed coverage of these components exists elsewhere in this and other chapters.)

conf/

This directory is a container for configuration files.

db/

This directory contains the data store for all of your versioned data.[38]

format

This file describes the repository's internal organizational scheme. (As it turns out, the db/ subdirectory sometimes also contains a format file which describes only the contents of that subdirectory and which is not to be confused with this file.)

hooks/

This directory contains hook script templates and hook scripts, if any have been installed.

locks/

Subversion uses this directory to house repository lock files, used for managing concurrent access to the repository.

README.txt

This is a brief text file containing merely a notice to readers that the directory they are looking in is a Subversion repository.

[Note] Note

Prior to Subversion 1.5, the on-disk repository structure also always contained a dav subdirectory. mod_dav_svn used this directory to store information about WebDAV activities—mappings of high-level WebDAV protocol concepts to Subversion commit transactions. Subversion 1.5 changed that behavior, moving ownership of the activities directory, and the ability to configure its location, into mod_dav_svn itself. Now, new repositories will not necessarily have a dav subdirectory unless mod_dav_svn is in use and hasn't been configured to store its activities database elsewhere. See the section called “Directives” in Chapter 9, Subversion Complete Reference for more information.

Of course, when accessed via the Subversion libraries, this otherwise unremarkable collection of files and directories suddenly becomes an implementation of a virtual, versioned filesystem, complete with customizable event triggers. This filesystem has its own notions of directories and files, very similar to the notions of such things held by real filesystems (such as NTFS, FAT32, ext3, etc.). But this is a special filesystem—it hangs these directories and files from revisions, keeping all the changes you've ever made to them safely stored and forever accessible. This is where the entirety of your versioned data lives.



[38] Strictly speaking, Subversion doesn't dictate that the versioned data live here, and there are known (albeit proprietary) alternative backend storage implementations which do not, in fact, store data in this directory.